Cancer of the Prostate
Prostate cancer is the abnormal growth of cells in the prostate gland, a small walnut-shaped organ that produces seminal fluid.
It is one of the most common cancers affecting men, but with advancements in early detection and treatment, the prognosis is often favourable.
Risk Factors
Several factors may contribute to the development of prostate cancer, including:
- Age: Risk increases with age, with the majority of cases diagnosed in men over 65.
- Family History: Having a close relative with prostate cancer may elevate your risk.
- Race: African American men are at a higher risk compared to other ethnicities.
- Genetics: Certain genetic mutations may increase susceptibility.
- Diet and Lifestyle: A diet high in red meat and low in fruits and vegetables, as well as sedentary behaviour, may contribute.
Symptoms
Early-stage prostate cancer may be asymptomatic. As the disease progresses, symptoms may include:
- Frequent urination, especially at night
- Difficulty starting or stopping urination
- Weak or interrupted urine flow
- Blood in the urine or semen
- Erectile dysfunction
- Pain or discomfort in the pelvic area
- Pain in the back/ flank area from blockage of the kidneys
Screening and Diagnosis
Early-stage prostate cancer may be asymptomatic. As the disease progresses, symptoms may include:
- Frequent urination, especially at night
- Difficulty starting or stopping urination
- Weak or interrupted urine flow
- Blood in the urine or semen
- Erectile dysfunction
- Pain or discomfort in the pelvic area
- Pain in the back/ flank area from blockage of the kidneys
Understanding ISUP Grades
The ISUP grading system assigns a grade to prostate cancer on a scale from 1 to 5, with higher grades indicating a higher likelihood of aggressive behaviour:
- ISUP Grade 1 (Gleason Score 6): Low-grade cancer with a low risk of progression. The cancer cells closely resemble normal prostate cells.
- ISUP Grade 2 (Gleason Score 7 with primary pattern 3 cancer ): Intermediate-grade cancer. The cancer cells show some abnormal features but are still relatively slow-growing.
- ISUP Grade 3 (Gleason Score 7 with primary pattern 4 cancer): Intermediate- high grade cancer with a higher risk of progression. The cancer cells exhibit more abnormal features.
- ISUP Grade 4 (Gleason Score 8): High-grade cancer with a significant risk of aggressive behaviour. The cancer cells show marked abnormalities.
- ISUP Grade 5 (Gleason Score 9 and 10): The highest-grade cancer with the highest risk of progression. The cancer cells are highly abnormal and aggressive.
Grading of Prostate Cancer
In our commitment to keeping our patients informed, we strive to provide clarity on important aspects of prostate cancer, including its grading using the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) system.
What is ISUP Grading? ISUP grading, established by the International Society of Urological Pathology, is a system used to assess and communicate the aggressiveness of prostate cancer based on the examination of prostate tissue samples obtained through biopsy or surgery. This grading system helps guide treatment decisions and provides valuable information about the likelihood of cancer progression.
How ISUP Grading Affects Treatment
ISUP grading is a crucial factor in determining the most appropriate treatment plan for prostate cancer. Lower-grade cancers may be suitable for active surveillance, while higher-grade cancers may require more aggressive interventions, such as surgery, radiation therapy, systemic treatments or a combination commonly referred to as ‘Multimodal treatment’.
Patient Empowerment Through Knowledge
Understanding your ISUP grade is essential for making informed decisions about your prostate cancer treatment. We are dedicated to ensuring that you have the information and support needed to navigate your care journey.
Treatment Options
The choice of treatment depends on various factors, including the stage of cancer, overall health, and patient preferences. Treatment options may include:
- Active Surveillance: Monitoring the cancer with regular check-ups.
- Surgery: Removal of the prostate gland (prostatectomy).
- Radiation Therapy: Using high-energy rays to target and kill cancer cells.
- Hormone Therapy: Blocking hormones that fuel cancer growth.
- Chemotherapy: Medications to kill cancer cells or stop their growth.
Patient Support and Resources
Our commitment to your well-being extends beyond medical care. Explore our resources, including support groups, educational materials, and lifestyle recommendations, to enhance your journey to optimal urological health.
Personalized approach to managing your prostate health.
Prostate cancer is treatable, especially when detected early. Our experienced urology team is here to guide you through every step of your care. Contact us today to schedule a consultation or discuss your concerns.